Purpose: The Korean Society of Sport Psychology initiated it’s sport psychology consultant certification procedures in 2004 and has conducted 34 rounds from the first training until February 2023. The main goal of the cerfication system was to train qualified sport psychology consultants who could lead field application in our area. This study examined the current status and future directions of the certification system, focusing on outcomes and areas need to improve. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive survey on employment status of the professionals. It was found that small number of qualified consultants were working for non-profit organizations (about 30) and about 30 for-profit organizations were officially listed. Considering only the first and second-level qualifications were allowed to practice, it appeared that the KSSP certification system has proved its worth as a new professional standard. Results: This study also explored similar overseas qualification systems (CMPC/ISSP-R) and the possibility of national qualification. Overall, the certification procedures led to significant achievements in terms of KSSP’s growth, application of sport psychology knowledge, and extension of job availability. Conclusion: For the quantitative and qualitative growth of sport psychology professionals and public recognition of our field, the KSSP certification system should continue to improve its training programs and ethical standards.

Purpose: This study aims to find out changes in players’ psychological skills, important putting factors, and performance by applying a mindfulness-based putting routine to female professional golfers. Methods: Eight present KLPGA golfers were applied with a mindfulness-based putting routine that modified and supplemented to fit the putting situation through literature review and expert meetings. The training consists of a total of eight sessions, consisting of 60-90 minutes per session, and the detailed activities include the concept of mindfulness, five mindfulness meditation, mental image, speaking it, but/and, and being aware of it. After the program ended, Qualitative data were inductively analyzed through in-depth interviews with players on changes and important putting factors recognized by players and Korean sports mindfulness test paper, competitive state anxiety test paper(CSAI-2), and pre- and post- of golf performance were compared. Results: As a result of inductive analysis of in-depth interviews, mindfulness-based putting routines have brought about positive changes in players’ emotional stability, objective awareness, strengthening confidence and concentration, increasing their skills in golf, and controlling their condition. In addition, technical and psychological factors were regarded as equal important factors by increasing the ratio of psychological factors in each player’s putting important factors, and statistically significant improvement in the players’ critical judgment, refocus, state confidence, and average putt count was confirmed. Conclusion: These research results show the possibility of using mindfulness in golf putting and are expected to serve as basic data for mindfulness routines that can be used in various individual sports.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate whether the types of cognitive appraisals in response to stress predict well-being through the multiple mediations of stress mindsets and emotional regulation among adolescent athletes, and to test its invariance across gender. Methods: A sample of 473 adolescent athletes (318 males, 155 females) completed a survey that included cognitive appraisals, stress mindsets, emotional regulation, and well-being. And data from athletes were conducted by confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. Results: Result of structural equation modeling shows that the tested model was overall acceptable fit (χ²=501.57, df=144, p=.001, Q=3.48, TLI=.913, CFI=.927, RMSEA=.073). (2) Adolescent athletes’ stress-is-enhancing mindset and emotional regulation partially mediated the relationship between challenge appraisal in response to stress and well-being, but the relationship between threat appraisal and well-being was not mediated by stress-is-debilitating mindset and emotional regulation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that athletes should promote a challenge state and stress-is-enhancing mindset through effective emotional regulations during practice and competition in oder to facilitate their subjective, social, and psychological sell-being.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an psychological support intake interview questionnaire for athletes. Methods: A total of 219 athletes participated in the study and provided data through an online open-ended questionnaire to collect the psychological difficulties in sports. The collected psychological difficulties from athletes were classified through inductive content analysis. Results: Athletes experience psychological difficulties in their competitions, training, and daily. In competitions, they may face dissatisfaction with their performance, anxiety, decreased confidence, match losses, emotional fluctuations, coping with mistakes, referee decisions, pressure, burden, and mental breakdowns. In training, they may encounter mental care methods, injuries, hard exercises, slumps, stagnation in performance, motivating, conditioning, goals, concentration, and methods of training. In daily, they may struggle with an uncertain future, career transitions, interpersonal relationships, daily stress, adaptation difficulties, conflicts with seniors and juniors, conflicts with coaches, conflicts with teammates, parental discord, academic, boy&girl friend, and the psychological challenges of career transitions. Based on these psychological difficulties faced by athletes, a intake interviews questionnaire for athlete was developed, including information on personal details, experiences with psychological support, and chief complains. Conclusion: The developed psychological support intake interview questionnaire for athletes in this study can be utilized to explore athletes’ psychological difficulties in the initial stage of psychological support, aiding in setting the direction for psychological support. Furthermore, it can contribute to establishing a stable psychological support process and enhancing the effectiveness of psychological support. We hope that the psychological support intake interview questionnaire for athlete can be utilized as a tool to enhance understanding of the athlete’s psychology during the initial stages of psychological support.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the ‘Korean Soccer Coaches Leadership Scale, K-SCLS’. Methods: This study went through the stages of item development·factor structure search·factor structure verification in the question development stage. preliminary questions were prepared using the results of previous studies. To this end the researcher prepared preliminary questions through consultation between expert groups. in the factor structure search stage descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. At this time data from 271 middle and high school soccer players(middle school=11 and high school=160) were collected and analyzed. in the factor structure verification stage data from 338 people(middle school=125 and high school 213) were collected and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results: As a result of exploratory factor analysis 20questions of 5factors were searched. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the, 20quetions of 5factor model and it showed an excellent fit Additionally, in the correlation analysis, all subfactors were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: K-SCLS was development into 5factor of authenticity 5item, coaching competency 5items, career support 4items, self-development 3items, emotional support 3items. In other words K-SCLS can be used as a tool to measure the leadership of domestic soccer caoches.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of injury recovery and rehabilitation program for the successful return of injured athletes by exploring and analyzing the perception of injury recovery and rehabilitation program according to perfectionist tendencies. Methods: Participants in the study selected a total of six male and female athletes aged 20 or older registered as athletes by the Korea Sports Council from 2021 to 2, three players with low perfectionism tendencies and three high athletes, and analyzed the contents through Korean multi-dimensional perfectionist questionnaires, and they were done in 1:1 in-depth interviews. Results: Firstly, players with low perfectionism perceived that it would not be a big problem in their career even if they experienced injury, and players with high perfectionism were shocked when experiencing injury and experienced negative views from major hitters. Secondly, players with low perfectionist tendencies do not have much trust in rehabilitation program after injury, and players with high perfectionist tendencies have a strong belief that they can recover from injury and return to the field. Thirdly, all participants recognize that it is important to recover from injury as soon as possible and continue their career after returning to the field. However, it was found that players with low perfectionist tendencies think it is difficult to fully recover from injury, and players with high perfectionist tendencies believe that they can recover from injury only when they perform rehabilitation training perfectly. Conclusion: Based on the data from the study results, it will be possible to improve the quality of educational programs in the field of injury recovery and rehabilitation program, and contribute to the development of more systematic and scientific rehabilitation training programs in the future.

Purpose: This study was intended to develop a scale to measure sports grit among athletes and verify the validity of the developed scale. Methods: This study was conducted on 433 athletes from colleges and work teams registered with the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee. To develop a scale to measure athletes’ sports grit, we administered a preliminary survey to 181 participants and the main survey to 252 participants and analyzed. In this study collected data went through statistical verification procedures to ensure validity and reliability. As for the detailed statistical verification procedures, item fit verification, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability verification, criterion validity verification, and discriminant validity verification were conducted. Results: We constructed 97 preliminary questions relating to 6 subfactors based on a review of the existing literature. After descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the data from the preliminary survey, we finalized 26 questions on sports grit. Examining the hierarchical structure of athletic grit, we verified that the questions properly included the main factors of athletic persistence and athletic passion, subfactors of effort/practice, the pursuit of growth/development, resilience, goal setting, task focus, and motivation. Conclusion: We improved our understanding of the athletic environment and developed an athletic grit questionnaire suitable for Korean athletes. In the future, this instrument can be used in the field to obtain a simple, objective measure of athletic grit, providing another way to test athletes’ persistence and passion.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of the motivation-enhancing group counseling program on the performance of conditioning exercises of students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Participants were 10 students with intellectual disabilities in the high school and conversion process, and they were divided into an experimental group (n=5) and a control group (n=5) with regular counseling. A covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the group counseling program. In addition, using semi-structured questionnaire, individual interviews were conducted to explore the effectiveness of the program. Results: First, students with intellectual disabilities who received motivational group counseling programs improved their ability to perform conditioning exercises. Specifically, the experimental group was significantly improved compared to the control group in three events: dumbel thrust, 400m running, and indoor rowing. Second, in the case of the experimental group that conducted motivation-enhancing group counseling, it not only improved voluntary motivation for participation in sports situations during individual counseling, but also transferred to life as a whole. Conclusion: The motivation-enhancing group counseling promoted the development of psychological growth of students with intellectual disabilities to improve their ability to perform conditioning exercise programs. Therefore, this study could contribute a lot to the development of programs for emotional support and positive educational experiences for disabled students through motivational group counseling at school sites.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to to explore trends in domestic journal papers on the personality of athletes in the sports field and to explore the direction of future research. Methods: According to systematic literature analysis using integrated literature review(Whittemore, Knafl, 2005), 43 Korean journals related to the personality of athletes from published 2001 to 2022 according to analyze basic information(published year, published journal), participant, method, and topic. Results: First, the period of publication decreased for a while in the 2000s(2001-2009), but rapidly increased in 2010, and has been steadily published until now, and published journals are evenly distributed. Second, the main research group is the athlete(96.6%), and their group is high school(26.4%), university(25.3%), pro(20.7%), middle school(14.9%), national(5.7%), elementary school(3.4%), etc., and various events were examined. Third, research methods were quantitative(79.0%), qualitative(14.0%), and mixed(7.0%). Fourth, the research topics were 5 personality factors(40.6%), MBTI(24.3%), personality strengths(13.5%), A/B type(5.4%), and Ayzenk(5.4%). Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the trends of research on athletes personality in domestic sports journals and presented future research directions(structure and process of personality, interaction between personality and environment, formation and development of personality, extreme form of personality, and measurement of personality, etc).

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and research trends on visual search in exercise field over the past 20 years through data visualization analysis and content analysis using quantitative bibliometrics methods. Methods: In this study, a total of 547 papers related to visual search in exercise field published between 2003 and 2023 were collected and analyzed using network analysis, visualization analysis, and content analysis based on the WoS (Web of Science) database. Results: Research on exercise-related visual search has shown a consistent upward trend from 2003 to 2023, with the highest year of studies conducted in 2022. The USA was found to be the country with the most research on exercise-related visual search, the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam was the most active research institution, and Williams was the most prolific author. The paradigm shift was observed over time, with a focus on evaluating the application and effects of eye movement technology from 2003 to 2007, exploring the differences in visual search between experts and novices from 2008 to 2012, applying visual search to various exercise tasks from 2013 to 2017, and focusing on technological advances in applying visual search to various exercise tasks and evaluating the decision-making abilities of skilled athletes after 2018. The primary emphasis of the latter period was on analyzing the relationship between visual search and exercise behavior. Conclusion: As science and technology advances, there is a possibility that visual search research will continue to emerge as new technologies and applications, leading to ongoing studies on visual search and decision-making in sports.

Purpose: In this study, we examined the emotional memory recall abilities associated with experiencing physical movements. Specifically, we investigated how the conceptual metaphor of space, which can be perceived differently in Eastern and Western cultural contexts, influences the experience of physical movements. Methods: For the experiment, 95 adult males and females were tested in four streams: word list learning, spatial conceptualization, action triggering, and word memory measurement. Results: The “up” trigger group recalled significantly more positive affective words with congruent spatial concepts, and significantly more negative affective words with incongruent spatial concepts. In contrast, the “down” trigger group produced no significant difference regardless of whether the spatial concepts were congruent or incongruent. Conclusion: Cultural differences may account for differences in spatial-emotional associations. The finding that participants recalled more positive words when the “up” space was associated with a “positive” sentiment and an “upward” motion was consistent with previous research in Western cultures. On the other hand, when the space of “up” was associated with a “negative” sentiment, more negative words were recalled even when the action was directed to “up,” suggesting that the space of “up” may be more acceptable as a “negative” concept to people from Eastern cultures. This suggests that the consideration of cultural differences in conceptual metaphors is a worthy topic for academic research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined sensory types of external attentional focus on novice golfers’ putting performance and psychologincal factors in the competitive golf putting situation. Methods: A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned into three groups [1.Visual+Auditory(10), 2. Visual+Tactile(10), 3.Visual+Auditory+Tactile(10)]. The experiment was proceeded in the order of pre-testacquisition phase-retention and transfer test. During the acquisition phase and retention/transfer test, the financial incentive conditions were given to induce the competitive mentality. Results: First, all three groups have enhanced their putting performance through the acquisition phase. However, the Visual+Auditory group have significantly outperformed in the learning phase. Second, Visual+Auditory group’s cognitive anxiety level have significantly decreased among three groups, and the self-efficacy have significantly increased as well. Conclusion: Utilizing the combined sensory external attentional focus such as Visual+Auditory, could have beneficial learning effects in the golf competitive settings.

Purpose: Noncongenital Spinal Cord Disorders experienced severe stress and social and psychological difficulties in accepting and overcoming their disability. In extreme situations such as social distancing due to the long-term corona pandemic, not only musculoskeletal disorders, but also isolation, anxiety, and depression were more serious than those of non-disabled people. In order to reduce depression in Noncongenital Spinal Cord Disorders who experienced this situation, we tried to verify the effect of the somatics technique, which is a movement of the neuromuscular system based on mindfulness. Methods: A total of 17 patients with noncongenital spinal cord disorder were recruited through the purposeful sample and snowball sampling methods. The experimental group consisting of 9 participants participated in the experiment through Internet Zoom at home for 4 weeks, 2 times a week, 2 hours a day, 10 sessions. Post-traumatic stress, depression, cervical dysfunction, pain, mindfulness, and emotional scales were used as measurement tools, and individual interviews were conducted after the end of each session and sharing of experiences in the experimental group. The collected data were subjected to t-test and two-way ANOVA for descriptive statistics and homogeneity test through SPSS 23.0 program, and inductive analysis was performed for qualitative data. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, in the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the interaction effect of time and group in the sub-factor of post-traumatic stress, hyperarousal. There was a difference according to the group in the sub-factors of depression, positive emotion and depressive emotion, and there was a significant difference in the interaction effect of time and group. There were differences in cervical dysfunction according to the groups, and there were significant differences in the interaction effect by the time and group. For mindfulness, there were differences according to time and group in attention and current awareness, which are sub-factors, and there was a significant difference in the interaction effect by time and group. As for emotion, there was a difference according to the group in the sub-factor positive emotion, and a significant difference was found in the interaction effect by time and group. There was also a difference according to the group in negative emotions. Second, as a result of qualitative analysis, 4 core areas, 13 core concepts, and 27 semantic units were extracted. The four core areas were mindfulness, mind-body healing and rehabilitation, cognitive defusion, and commitment to articulated values. Conclusion: This MB-SHE for people with noncongenital spinal cord disorders was effective in healing and rehabilitation of the body and mind and integration of mind and body. Considering the social and mental phenomena after COVID-19 among the rapid changes in modern society, it is required to develop and disseminate mind-body healing exercise programs for various classes and targets based on the body (Soma) containing our spirit and mind. A somatic basis is proposed for the psychological support program for athletes with disabilities. In the future, it is necessary to systematically verify the movement, the mind-body integration of movement, and the healing mechanism based on neuroscience.